Media Ownership

Public Service Broadcasting

Public service broadcasting when a media company is funded by the public and its viewers. The most famous example of this is the BBC. The BBC get their funding by people who own a TV have to pay a television licence. Which gown to help fund the BBC.

Commercial Broadcasting

Commercial broadcasting is when a television programme or a radio programme is funded by a privately owned cooperate media. They do this by advertising during adverts. The best example for this is ITV and SKY, they get there funding from the adverts in between each show. They advertise products that can be related tho the age or target audience that watch the show.

Corporate and private ownership

Corporate and broadcasting ownership is when a media company is owned by a group of individuals or companies. This is where more than one corporal owners come together and fund the media company. It can be commercial or public service broadcasting. A good example of this is BBC News corp.

Global Companies

Global companies are large companies that have all different bases and companies around the world. This helps with taxes and financial issues because they don't have to worry about costs flying film crews around the world to film because they have camera crews around the world. This help with exploiting tax from the government because they they can sell it around the world with a much larger audience. There are many example of this but one of them is Coca Cola, they have locations around the world where they produce and sell the product. Thy are one of the world most knows products as they are able to sell all around the world.

Concentration of Ownership

Concentration of ownership is that there are only a few companies around the world that own most of the worlds media, such as News Cooperation. These business expand and grow there companies by eliminating other old or new companies. They do this by overpowering the companies or joining up and buying other companies by cross platform relationships or synergy. The image below shows the 6 brand that own all of Americas TV. 

 

Vertical integration is when a large company decides to make more money and they decide to cut out the middle people and buy that for them selves so all the money they spend paying the middle man goes straight to them. For example a movie producer has to pay to get the move into the cinema, and people have to pay the cinema to go and watch the movie. So what the movie producer does, he buys the cinema company so every bit of money the film makes in the cinema goes straight back to him.

 

Horizontal integration/ tendency towards monopolisation

 this is where a production company expands into other areas of one industry. This means that the company can develop in a particular area of production or they can buy out another company that deals with these areas. A good example of this is warner bros, they expanded there company by buying some of its closest rival companies, which meant that they where making more money.

 

The Licence Fee is the way that the BBC get their funding. Everybody who owns a TV has to pay a £146 fee to be able to watch the TV.

 

Subscription is where you have to pay for certain channels, the best example for this is SKY. You have to pay a monthly payment to have certain channels.

 

One-off payment to own product is when you just pay out one payment to buy a Freeview box where you get most channels on without having to pay a monthly fee.

 

Pay per view is when you pay or an event on TV that isn't shown on regular channels, for example if there is a big sporting event on, you pay a little fee, and you are then able to watch the programme.

 

Every channel apart from the BBC has sponsors, and the programmes have sponsorships. For example "Britain's Got Talent" is sponsored by Morrison's. This is because they pick sponsors that are most relevant to the people that watch the programme. So it is mostly families that watch Britain's Got Talent so Morrison's was chosen as families shop there.

 

Apart from the BBC all of the channels have adverts in between each programme. This is the biggest was of funding as companies pay o have a certain slot of time to advertise at the best time of day and to the programmes that are most relevant, for example a diet programme would have adverts that advertise healthy food and exercise.

 

product placing is when a certain product has paid to have their product in a movie or TV programme. One of the most well known examples of this is "James Bond" they had the famous car brand Austin Martin, but mow that have Jaguar.

 

Private capital is when a private investor its money to production companies.

 

Crowd-funding is when mostly young and up coming film producers pitch their idea on certain websites like Kickstart, and people donate any amount of money to help fund their product.